The taxonomic position of Clostridium botulinum Type C

Experimental evidence is produced to justify abandoning the practice of subdividing Clostridium botulinum Type C into type Cα and type Cβ.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The immune response of horses to tetanus toxoid

An intramuscular injection of 8-16 Lf tetanus toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion protected adult horses against tetanus for at least 128 weeks. A booster dose of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution protected them for a further period of at least 3 years. Colostral immunity protected foals for at least 10 weeks. An intramuscular injection of 8 Lf toxoid in water-in-oil emulsion given to foals from immune dams when they were 10-18 weeks old did not elicit any antibody response. They did respond, however, to a booster injection of 8 Lf toxoid in aqueous solution given 12 weeks after the first dose. New-born foals were shown to be inherently unable to respond to an injection of tetanus toxoid.This article has been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-Format

Tryptic activation of Clostridium botulinum type Cᵦ toxin

The toxicity of factor C₂ produced by C. botulinum type C ᵦ is increased by exposure to 0,1% trypsin at pH 7,5 for 30 minutes. If the tryptic action is allowed to continue at pH 7,5 at room temperature, destruction of the factor results.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The reaction of ovine neutrophils to Histophilus ovis in relation to genital infection of rams

Histophilus ovis was shown to be phagocytized by neutrophils when the organisms enter the lumen of the reproductive tract of the ram. The phagocytosis and destruction of H. ovis by neutrophils was demonstrated in vitro by the viable count method and by electron microscopy. It was shown that immunoglobulins and complement had no influence on the phagocytosis and destruction of H. ovis. Phagocytosis and killing of H. ovis was accomplished equally well by neutrophils from immunized and non-immunized rams. Immunized rams showed a massive infiltration of neutrophils into the walls, epithelium and lumen of their ampullae when dead H. ovis were introduced into their lumen.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The antibody response of cattle to Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoids

The resistance of cattle with varying serum-antitoxin titres was determined by per os challenge. The results proved that a solid immunity can be produced against C. botulinum toxins C₁ and D. The immune response of cattle to various quantities of C. botulinum C₁ and D toxoids, aluminum phosphate adsorbed and in water-in-oil emulsion was investigated. The response to antigen in watering oil emulsion was far superior to the other when they were used for primary and secondary stimuli. When cattle had been given a solid basic immunity with 2 injections of antigen in water-in-oil emulsion, essentially the same booster effect was obtained with antigen in water-in-oil emulsion and in aqueous solution. Only some of the animals injected intramuscularly with antigens in water-in-oil emulsion developed local lesions. These lesions were not large and their histological picture indicated a noticeable decline in severity within 20 weeks. A case is thus made out for the use of C. botulinum C₁ and D toxoids in water-in-oil emulsion for the primary and secondary stimuli and an aqueous solution of these antigens for any booster stimulus as an improved method of protecting cattle against botulism.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to final presentyation PDF-Format

Comparison of oil adjuvant and aluminium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid for the passive immunization of lambs against tetanus

Immunization of ewes with oil emulsion toxoid followed by an aluminium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid both containing 10 Lf per dose, resulted in a very high antitoxin level in their lambs. Two injections of aluminium phosphate-adsorbed toxoid also imparted a passive immunity to lambs which is considered to be adequate to protect them against tetanus for 4 weeks after birth.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The antigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin administered per os

Large quantities of toxoid given to rabbits per os did not elicit a primary immune response. Toxin absorbed through the intestinal wall of guinea-pigs and toxoided produced an anamnestic response on injection into basically-immune rabbits, but had no effect on fully susceptible rabbits. By dosing sufficient toxin or toxoid per os to basically-immune rabbits anamnestic responses could be produced.The journals have been scanned with a SupraScan 10000RGB scanner; 24-bit true colour, 400 dpi, saved in TIFF-format. Copies of the master images have been converted to black & white, 1-bitmap images and OCRed with ABBYY Fine Reader v.9 software. Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.The Equine Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria gave financial support to this digitisation project